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- <text id=90TT3483>
- <title>
- Dec. 31, 1990: Haiti:An Avalanche For Democracy
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Dec. 31, 1990 The Best Of '90
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 29
- HAITI
- An Avalanche for Democracy
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>A priest's appeal to the poor wins him the presidency, but he
- will need more than popularity to remedy his country's problems
- </p>
- <p>By GUY GARCIA--Reported by Cathy Booth and Bernard Diederich/
- Port-au-Prince
- </p>
- <p> In the sermon-like speeches that antagonized his enemies and
- mesmerized his followers, Father Jean-Bertrand Aristide often
- described his movement as a lavalas, the Haitian term for a
- cleansing avalanche that will wash away tyranny and corruption.
- That image was particularly relevant last week, as a political
- lavalas carried the 37-year-old Roman Catholic priest to an
- overwhelming victory in Haiti's first truly democratic
- presidential elections.
- </p>
- <p> The triumph of Aristide and his party, the National Front
- for Change and Democracy, was a resounding endorsement of his
- brand of theological populism, which is based on restoring the
- dignity and material well-being of the country's 6.2 million
- people. Even before the results were official, Port-au-Prince
- erupted in spontaneous street demonstrations bigger than the
- ones that followed the departure of the hated Jean-Claude "Baby
- Doc" Duvalier in 1986. As police in riot gear nervously looked
- on, thousands of jubilant Haitians waved tree branches as a
- sign of joy and shouted, "Aristide is President!" Aristide's
- victory, said Haitian economist Gerard Pierre Charles, marks a
- breakthrough in "the people's historic struggle for democracy
- against authoritarianism."
- </p>
- <p> Despite isolated reports of missing ballots and other
- irregularities, United Nations observers described the elections
- as fair. Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter, one of the
- monitors, called the voting "remarkably peaceful" and hailed the
- military for its uncharacteristically supportive role. Early
- results projected Aristide winning with 70% of the votes; the
- second-place finisher, former World Bank official Marc Bazin,
- received only 13%.
- </p>
- <p> Born in the isolated fishing village of Port Salut, Aristide
- moved with his widowed mother to the capital and was educated
- by Salesian priests, a group dedicated to charity and spiritual
- instruction for poor and orphaned children. Even before his
- ordination in 1982, he began writing protest songs about the
- exploitation of the poor. Sent to Israel and Canada to study the
- Bible and psychology, he returned to Haiti in 1985, just in time
- to participate in the nonviolent anti-Duvalier movement. After
- Duvalier's ouster, Aristide continued to be a persistent critic
- of the government and an outspoken proponent of the "liberation
- theology" movement, based in Latin America, which holds that
- the clergy has a moral obligation to improve the plight of the
- poor by organizing them politically.
- </p>
- <p> Aristide's polemical preaching led to his expulsion from the
- Salesian order in 1988. While he technically remains a priest,
- Aristide is forbidden to say Mass. He has indicated he will
- leave the priesthood to serve as Haiti's President.
- </p>
- <p> Aristide's activism has also put him in mortal danger. Since
- 1986, there have been numerous attempts on his life. The danger
- was evident three weeks ago, when a grenade killed eight people
- at a rally outside Port-au-Prince. Aristide's uncanny ability
- to survive such attacks has led some Haitians to believe he is
- protected by magical and religious powers.
- </p>
- <p> But the priest's supporters are not taking any chances.
- Since the election, Aristide has made no statements or public
- appearances. He now wears a bulletproof vest and sleeps in a
- different location every night. Until he takes office in
- February, the most immediate threat is from forces loyal to
- Duvalier. Roger Lafontant, a former leader of Duvalier's dreaded
- Tontons Macoutes, has vowed he will "do anything" to prevent
- Aristide from becoming President.
- </p>
- <p> Even without the added worry of assassination, Aristide
- faces a formidable task. Haiti's economy is a shambles, with
- poverty rampant, electric outages a common occurrence and
- potable water at a premium. Unemployment and underemployment run
- at a minimum of 65%, and inflation rises 2% each month. The U.S.
- is considering increasing food aid, development assistance and
- other economic credits. But first Aristide must hammer out an
- economic program.
- </p>
- <p> Besides freeing the country from the grip of the Tontons
- Macoutes, Aristide has pledged to wage war on corruption and
- bring openness to government. But to succeed he will have to
- enlist the help of the very groups he has alienated, including
- the church, businessmen and the upper classes. Since his party
- failed to win a majority in the 110-seat parliament, he may also
- have to learn the art of democratic compromise. Last week
- Aristide hinted at the possibility of forming a government of
- "patriotic union" that would include some of his former
- opponents.
- </p>
- <p> Meanwhile Aristide faces a delicate balancing act: to keep
- his credibility with the masses, he must act quickly to
- institute reforms, but not at the expense of national unity. And
- while Aristide seems to enjoy the support of some of the
- military rank and file, there is no guarantee that its
- commanders will remain loyal.
- </p>
- <p> But most Haitians remain optimistic. Says Jean-Claude
- Bajeux, a professor of theology and the head of Haiti's
- Ecumenical Human Rights Center: "He knows he alone can't change
- the country, and we can't ask him to make the changes with a
- magical wand." If the people remember that, then not even the
- army can stop Aristide's avalanche.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-